Align load readiness and paginated fixed content

crates/obscura-browser/src/page.rs

@@ -1116,6 +1116,44 @@ impl Page {
         self.execute_scripts_with_module_budget(None).await;
     }
 
+    /// Drive only dynamic script elements which participate in the current
+    /// document's load-event delay set. Browser script runners keep this set
+    /// separate from arbitrary post-load imports, timers, and enhancement
+    /// scripts; navigation readiness must not turn those into an implicit
+    /// multi-second settle.
+    async fn drive_load_delaying_scripts(
+        js: &mut ObscuraJsRuntime,
+        deadline: tokio::time::Instant,
+    ) -> bool {
+        while js.has_pending_load_delaying_scripts() {
+            let Some(remaining) = deadline.checked_duration_since(tokio::time::Instant::now())
+            else {
+                return false;
+            };
+            if remaining.is_zero() {
+                return false;
+            }
+            let poll_budget = remaining.min(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(25));
+            match tokio::time::timeout(poll_budget, js.run_event_loop()).await {
+                Ok(Ok(())) => {
+                    if js.has_pending_load_delaying_scripts() {
+                        tokio::task::yield_now().await;
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(Err(error)) => {
+                    tracing::warn!("load-delaying dynamic script event loop failed: {error}");
+                    return false;
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    // The poll budget is a scheduling quantum, not a script
+                    // timeout. Keep polling until the shared navigation/script
+                    // deadline; the phase watchdog handles a native V8 pin.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
     async fn execute_scripts_with_module_budget(&mut self, module_budget_override: Option<u64>) {
         let scripts_started = std::time::Instant::now();
         tracing::info!(
@@ -1751,6 +1789,16 @@ impl Page {
             }
         }
 
+        // Parsing has finished before defer scripts and non-async modules run.
+        // They still gate DOMContentLoaded, but observe the browser's
+        // `interactive` readyState while they execute.
+        if let Some(js) = &mut self.js {
+            let _ = js.execute_script(
+                "<ready-state-interactive>",
+                "globalThis.__documentReadyState__ = 'interactive';",
+            );
+        }
+
         for scheduled in post_parse {
             if tokio::time::Instant::now() >= script_deadline {
                 tracing::warn!("execute_scripts: deadline reached during post-parse scripts");
@@ -1817,81 +1865,33 @@ impl Page {
         }
 
         if let Some(js) = &mut self.js {
-            // Spec order: readyState -> interactive, fire DOMContentLoaded on both
+            // DOMContentLoaded follows parser/defer/module work, but async
-            // document and window, then readyState -> complete, fire load.
+            // dynamic script elements do not gate it. They do remain in the
-            let _ = js.execute_script("<load-events>",
+            // document's load-event delay set, including scripts inserted by
-                "globalThis.__documentReadyState__ = 'interactive';\n\
+            // a DOMContentLoaded listener.
-                 try { document.dispatchEvent(new Event('DOMContentLoaded', {bubbles:false,cancelable:false})); } catch(e) {}\n\
+            let _ = js.execute_script(
-                 try { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('DOMContentLoaded', {bubbles:false,cancelable:false})); } catch(e) {}\n\
+                "<dom-content-loaded>",
-                 if (typeof window.onload === 'function') { try { window.onload(); } catch(e) {} }\n\
+                "try { document.dispatchEvent(new Event('DOMContentLoaded', {bubbles:false,cancelable:false})); } catch(e) {}\n\
-                 globalThis.__documentReadyState__ = 'complete';\n\
+                 try { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('DOMContentLoaded', {bubbles:false,cancelable:false})); } catch(e) {}",
-                 try { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('load', {bubbles:false,cancelable:false})); } catch(e) {}");
+            );
-        }
 
-        if let Some(js) = &mut self.js {
+            let load_blockers_finished =
-            let dynamic_settle_ms = std::env::var("OBSCURA_DYNAMIC_SCRIPT_SETTLE_MS")
+                Self::drive_load_delaying_scripts(js, script_deadline).await;
-                .ok()
+            if !load_blockers_finished {
-                .and_then(|s| s.parse::<u64>().ok())
+                tracing::warn!(
-                .unwrap_or(3_000)
+                    "script deadline reached with load-delaying dynamic scripts still pending"
-                .max(500);
+                );
-            // Bound the post-script settle loop by wall clock, not just by the
-            // 10ms-tick branch. The old code only consulted `deadline` inside
-            // the `Err(_)` arm (when the inner tick timed out), so a steady
-            // stream of inflight XHR/fetch (active_requests() > 0) kept the
-            // loop running indefinitely because it took the `Ok(Ok(()))` arm
-            // and slept 1ms each iteration without ever checking the clock.
-            // On busy sites this could keep the V8 lock held for tens of
-            // seconds, wedging the entire CDP dispatcher (see triage for
-            // issue series around the 40-site compat sweep).
-            // A dynamic external script may still be in flight at 500ms. Keep
-            // pumping only while that queue is pending, up to a separate bounded
-            // budget, so normal pages and unrelated fetches retain the fast path.
-            // A single run_event_loop poll that pins the thread inside V8 makes
-            // the per-poll tokio timeouts below useless, so guard the whole loop
-            // with a watchdog that fires 250ms past the longest deadline.
-            let settle_wd =
-                js.arm_watchdog(std::time::Duration::from_millis(dynamic_settle_ms + 250));
-            let started = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-            let deadline = started + tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(500);
-            let dynamic_deadline = started + tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(dynamic_settle_ms);
-            let mut idle_count = 0u32;
-            loop {
-                let now = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-                // `has_pending_dynamic_scripts` includes both inserted script
-                // elements and loader-owned ES-module graph activity. A lazy
-                // import may be the work which removes an SSR loading shell;
-                // do not take the 500ms fast exit while that graph is fetching.
-                // Unrelated fetch/XHR activity remains on the fast path.
-                if now >= deadline && (now >= dynamic_deadline || !js.has_pending_dynamic_scripts())
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-                let result = tokio::time::timeout(
-                    tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(10),
-                    js.run_event_loop(),
-                )
-                .await;
-
-                match result {
-                    Ok(Ok(())) => {
-                        if self.http_client.active_requests() == 0 {
-                            idle_count += 1;
-                            if idle_count >= 2 {
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            tokio::task::yield_now().await;
-                        } else {
-                            idle_count = 0;
-                            tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Ok(Err(_)) => break,
-                    Err(_) => {
-                        idle_count = 0;
-                    }
-                }
             }
-            js.disarm_watchdog(settle_wd);
+
+            // readyState becomes complete before the load event. A script
+            // inserted by an onload handler is therefore post-load work and
+            // remains pending until an explicit caller settle/wait.
+            let _ = js.execute_script(
+                "<load-event>",
+                "globalThis.__documentReadyState__ = 'complete';\n\
+                 if (typeof window.onload === 'function') { try { window.onload(); } catch(e) {} }\n\
+                 try { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('load', {bubbles:false,cancelable:false})); } catch(e) {}",
+            );
         }
         if let Some(token) = exec_wd {
             if let Some(js) = self.js.as_mut() {
@@ -3734,6 +3734,36 @@ mod tests {
         (format!("http://{}", address), request_rx)
     }
 
+    fn spawn_delayed_classic_script_server(
+        delay: std::time::Duration,
+        body: &'static str,
+    ) -> (String, std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<String>) {
+        use std::io::{Read as _, Write as _};
+
+        let listener = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let address = listener.local_addr().unwrap();
+        let (request_tx, request_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let (mut stream, _) = listener.accept().unwrap();
+            let mut request = [0u8; 2048];
+            let length = stream.read(&mut request).unwrap();
+            let path = String::from_utf8_lossy(&request[..length])
+                .lines()
+                .next()
+                .and_then(|line| line.split_ascii_whitespace().nth(1))
+                .unwrap_or("/")
+                .to_string();
+            request_tx.send(path).unwrap();
+            std::thread::sleep(delay);
+            let response = format!(
+                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: application/javascript\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n{body}",
+                body.len(),
+            );
+            stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        });
+        (format!("http://{address}"), request_rx)
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn external_scripts_require_a_successful_http_status() {
         assert!(script_response_is_executable(200));
@@ -4093,6 +4123,7 @@ mod tests {
         </head><body></body></html>"#,
         );
         page.execute_scripts().await;
+        page.settle_for_duration(500).await;
         assert_eq!(
             page.js
                 .as_mut()
@@ -4115,6 +4146,7 @@ mod tests {
         </head><body></body></html>"#,
         );
         page.execute_scripts().await;
+        page.settle_for_duration(500).await;
         assert_eq!(
             page.js
                 .as_mut()
@@ -4151,6 +4183,7 @@ mod tests {
         </body></html>"#,
         );
         page.execute_scripts().await;
+        page.settle_for_duration(500).await;
         assert_eq!(
             page.js
                 .as_mut()
@@ -4168,7 +4201,168 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
-    async fn lazy_module_graph_keeps_post_script_settle_alive() {
+    async fn preload_dynamic_script_delays_load_but_not_dom_content_loaded() {
+        let (base, requests) = spawn_delayed_classic_script_server(
+            std::time::Duration::from_millis(150),
+            "globalThis.__lifecycleOrder.push('dynamic-exec');",
+        );
+        let html = format!(
+            r#"<html><head></head><body><script>
+                globalThis.__lifecycleOrder = [];
+                document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () =>
+                    globalThis.__lifecycleOrder.push('dom-content-loaded'));
+                window.onload = () =>
+                    globalThis.__lifecycleOrder.push('window-onload');
+                window.addEventListener('load', () =>
+                    globalThis.__lifecycleOrder.push('window-load'));
+                const script = document.createElement('script');
+                script.src = '{base}/preload-dynamic.js';
+                script.onload = () => globalThis.__lifecycleOrder.push('script-load');
+                document.head.appendChild(script);
+            </script></body></html>"#,
+        );
+        let mut page = import_map_test_page("preload-dynamic-lifecycle", &base, &html);
+
+        page.execute_scripts().await;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            requests
+                .recv_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1))
+                .unwrap(),
+            "/preload-dynamic.js",
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate("globalThis.__lifecycleOrder")
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!([
+                "dom-content-loaded",
+                "dynamic-exec",
+                "script-load",
+                "window-onload",
+                "window-load"
+            ]),
+            "dynamic async scripts gate load, not DOMContentLoaded",
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate(
+                    "globalThis.__lifecycleOrder.filter(value => value === 'window-onload').length",
+                )
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(1.0),
+            "window.onload must fire exactly once",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+    async fn post_load_dynamic_script_waits_only_when_caller_requests_settle() {
+        let (base, requests) = spawn_delayed_classic_script_server(
+            std::time::Duration::from_millis(400),
+            "globalThis.__postLoadDynamicRan = true;",
+        );
+        let html = format!(
+            r#"<html><body><script>
+                window.addEventListener('load', () => {{
+                    const script = document.createElement('script');
+                    script.src = '{base}/post-load.js';
+                    document.head.appendChild(script);
+                }});
+            </script></body></html>"#,
+        );
+        let mut page = import_map_test_page("post-load-dynamic-lifecycle", &base, &html);
+        let started = std::time::Instant::now();
+
+        page.execute_scripts().await;
+
+        let navigation_elapsed = started.elapsed();
+        assert!(
+            navigation_elapsed < std::time::Duration::from_millis(300),
+            "post-load enhancement must not extend navigation; elapsed={navigation_elapsed:?}",
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate(
+                    "[document.readyState, globalThis.__postLoadDynamicRan === true, \
+                     globalThis.__obscura_hasPendingDynamicScripts(), \
+                     globalThis.__obscura_hasPendingLoadDelayingScripts()]",
+                )
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(["complete", false, true, false]),
+            "a script prepared by load is pending enhancement work, not a load blocker",
+        );
+
+        page.settle_for_duration(700).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            requests
+                .recv_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1))
+                .unwrap(),
+            "/post-load.js",
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate("globalThis.__postLoadDynamicRan === true")
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(true),
+            "an explicit caller settle must drive post-load script completion",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+    async fn timer_hydration_runs_during_explicit_adaptive_settle_not_navigation_load() {
+        let mut page = import_map_test_page(
+            "timer-hydration-lifecycle",
+            "http://example.com",
+            r#"<html><body><main id="app">Server shell</main><script>
+                window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+                    setTimeout(() => {
+                        document.getElementById('app').textContent = 'Hydrated app';
+                        document.body.setAttribute('data-hydrated', 'true');
+                    }, 80);
+                });
+            </script></body></html>"#,
+        );
+
+        page.execute_scripts().await;
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate(
+                    "[document.readyState, document.body.getAttribute('data-hydrated'), \
+                     document.getElementById('app').textContent]",
+                )
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(["complete", null, "Server shell"]),
+            "navigation load observes load semantics without inventing a timer settle",
+        );
+
+        page.settle(500).await;
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate(
+                    "[document.body.getAttribute('data-hydrated'), \
+                     document.getElementById('app').textContent]",
+                )
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(["true", "Hydrated app"]),
+            "the automation caller's adaptive settle must retain timer hydration",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+    async fn lazy_module_graph_is_post_load_work_until_caller_settles() {
         use std::io::{Read as _, Write as _};
 
         let listener = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
@@ -4215,8 +4409,24 @@ mod tests {
                 });
             </script></body></html>"#,
         );
+        let started = std::time::Instant::now();
         page.execute_scripts().await;
 
+        assert!(
+            started.elapsed() < std::time::Duration::from_millis(500),
+            "dynamic import() must not become an implicit navigation settle",
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .evaluate("document.body.getAttribute('data-lazy-state')")
+                .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::Value::Null,
+        );
+
+        page.settle_for_duration(1_000).await;
+
         assert_eq!(
             page.js
                 .as_mut()
@@ -4224,7 +4434,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .evaluate("document.body.getAttribute('data-lazy-state')")
                 .unwrap(),
             serde_json::json!("lazy-ready"),
-            "post-script readiness must include an in-flight lazy module graph",
+            "an explicit caller settle must drive the lazy module graph",
         );
     }
 
@@ -4309,6 +4519,7 @@ mod tests {
         </body></html>"#,
         );
         page.execute_scripts().await;
+        page.settle_for_duration(500).await;
         assert_eq!(
             page.js
                 .as_mut()

crates/obscura-browser/src/pdf.rs

@@ -342,8 +342,9 @@ impl Page {
                 let y = page_index as f32 * plan.css_page_height;
                 let slice_height = (content_height - y).min(plan.css_page_height);
                 let png = js
-                    .screenshot_prepared_region_with_backgrounds(
+                    .screenshot_prepared_region_at_scroll_with_backgrounds(
                         CaptureRegion::new(0.0, y, content_width, slice_height, 1.0),
+                        (0.0, y),
                         options.print_background,
                     )
                     .map_err(|error| RasterPdfError::CaptureFailed(format!("{error:?}")))?;
@@ -533,6 +534,57 @@ impl io::Write for PdfWriter {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    fn find_bytes(haystack: &[u8], needle: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
+        haystack
+            .windows(needle.len())
+            .position(|window| window == needle)
+    }
+
+    /// Decode the actual JPEG XObjects emitted into the PDF, rather than
+    /// trusting pagination options or writer-internal page counters.
+    fn pdf_page_rasters(pdf: &[u8]) -> Vec<image::RgbImage> {
+        let mut pages = Vec::new();
+        let mut cursor = 0usize;
+        while let Some(relative) = find_bytes(&pdf[cursor..], b"/Subtype /Image") {
+            let image_object = cursor + relative;
+            let length_key = image_object
+                + find_bytes(&pdf[image_object..], b"/Length ").expect("image /Length");
+            let mut digits_start = length_key + b"/Length ".len();
+            while pdf[digits_start].is_ascii_whitespace() {
+                digits_start += 1;
+            }
+            let mut digits_end = digits_start;
+            while pdf[digits_end].is_ascii_digit() {
+                digits_end += 1;
+            }
+            let length = std::str::from_utf8(&pdf[digits_start..digits_end])
+                .expect("ASCII image length")
+                .parse::<usize>()
+                .expect("numeric image length");
+            let stream_start = digits_end
+                + find_bytes(&pdf[digits_end..], b"stream\n").expect("image stream")
+                + b"stream\n".len();
+            let stream_end = stream_start.checked_add(length).expect("bounded stream end");
+            let raster = image::load_from_memory_with_format(
+                &pdf[stream_start..stream_end],
+                image::ImageFormat::Jpeg,
+            )
+            .expect("decodable page JPEG")
+            .into_rgb8();
+            pages.push(raster);
+            cursor = stream_end;
+        }
+        pages
+    }
+
+    fn channel_near(actual: image::Rgb<u8>, expected: [u8; 3]) -> bool {
+        actual
+            .0
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(expected)
+            .all(|(actual, expected)| (i16::from(actual) - i16::from(expected)).abs() <= 20)
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn options_reject_impossible_media_boxes() {
         let mut options = RasterPdfOptions::default();
@@ -711,6 +763,88 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn raster_pdf_repeats_fixed_content_and_advances_flow_on_every_selected_page() {
+        let context = std::sync::Arc::new(crate::BrowserContext::new("pdf-fixed".to_string()));
+        let mut page = crate::Page::new("pdf-fixed-page".to_string(), context);
+        page.set_viewport((100.0, 80.0));
+        let dom = obscura_dom::parse_html(
+            r#"<html style="margin:0"><body style="margin:0;width:100px;height:200px">
+                <div style="position:fixed;z-index:5;left:0;top:0;width:20px;height:10px;background:#111"></div>
+                <div style="height:80px;background:#e02020"></div>
+                <div style="height:80px;background:#20c040"></div>
+                <div style="height:40px;background:#2050e0"></div>
+            </body></html>"#,
+        );
+        let mut runtime = obscura_js::runtime::ObscuraJsRuntime::new();
+        runtime.set_dom(dom);
+        runtime.set_url("https://example.test/pdf-fixed");
+        runtime.set_viewport(100.0, 80.0);
+        runtime.run_page_init();
+        page.js = Some(runtime);
+
+        let options = RasterPdfOptions {
+            print_background: true,
+            paper_width_in: 100.0 / POINTS_PER_INCH,
+            paper_height_in: 80.0 / POINTS_PER_INCH,
+            margin_top_in: 0.0,
+            margin_bottom_in: 0.0,
+            margin_left_in: 0.0,
+            margin_right_in: 0.0,
+            ..RasterPdfOptions::default()
+        };
+        let pdf = page.raster_pdf(options.clone()).expect("three-page PDF");
+        assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&pdf).contains("/MediaBox [0 0 100.000 80.000]"));
+        let rasters = pdf_page_rasters(&pdf);
+        assert_eq!(rasters.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(rasters[0].dimensions(), (100, 80));
+        assert_eq!(rasters[1].dimensions(), (100, 80));
+        assert_eq!(
+            rasters[2].dimensions(),
+            (100, 40),
+            "the final partial page must use its own virtual viewport height"
+        );
+        for (index, raster) in rasters.iter().enumerate() {
+            assert!(
+                channel_near(*raster.get_pixel(5, 5), [17, 17, 17]),
+                "fixed header missing from decoded page {}: {:?}",
+                index + 1,
+                raster.get_pixel(5, 5)
+            );
+        }
+        for (index, expected) in [[224, 32, 32], [32, 192, 64], [32, 80, 224]]
+            .into_iter()
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            let raster = &rasters[index];
+            assert!(
+                channel_near(
+                    *raster.get_pixel(raster.width() / 2, raster.height() / 2),
+                    expected,
+                ),
+                "ordinary flow did not advance on page {}",
+                index + 1,
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            page.js.as_ref().expect("runtime").scroll_offset(),
+            (0.0, 0.0),
+            "virtual PDF page scrolling must not mutate the live page"
+        );
+
+        let mut ranged = options;
+        ranged.page_ranges = vec![RasterPdfPageRange {
+            start: Some(2),
+            end: Some(3),
+        }];
+        let selected = pdf_page_rasters(&page.raster_pdf(ranged).expect("selected pages"));
+        assert_eq!(selected.len(), 2);
+        assert!(channel_near(*selected[0].get_pixel(5, 5), [17, 17, 17]));
+        assert!(channel_near(*selected[1].get_pixel(5, 5), [17, 17, 17]));
+        assert!(channel_near(*selected[0].get_pixel(50, 40), [32, 192, 64]));
+        assert!(channel_near(*selected[1].get_pixel(50, 20), [32, 80, 224]));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn writer_emits_xref_and_one_image_per_page() {
         let pdf = encode_pdf_pages(1, 612.0, 792.0, 36.0, 36.0, 720.0, |_| {

crates/obscura-cdp/tests/dynamic_script_onload_fires.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Regression for issue #474: external scripts inserted after a timer must be
-// fetched and execute before the post-navigation event-loop settle completes.
+// fetched and execute before an explicit post-navigation settle completes.
 
 use obscura_cdp::dispatch::{dispatch, CdpContext};
 use obscura_cdp::types::CdpRequest;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ async fn dynamic_external_scripts_execute_and_fire_load() {
     )
     .await;
 
-    let result = cdp(
+    let at_load = cdp(
         &mut ctx,
         2,
         "Runtime.evaluate",
@@ -112,9 +112,31 @@ async fn dynamic_external_scripts_execute_and_fire_load() {
     )
     .await;
     assert_eq!(
-        result["result"]["value"],
+        at_load["result"]["value"],
+        r#"{"directExecuted":false,"directLoaded":false,"nestedExecuted":false,"nestedLoaded":false}"#,
+        "waitUntil=load must not invent a post-load timer settle"
+    );
+
+    // The automation caller opts into post-load work. This must drive the
+    // timer, both concurrently fetched scripts, their bodies, and their load
+    // handlers without relying on navigation to exceed browser load semantics.
+    ctx.pages[0].settle(1_500).await;
+
+    let settled = cdp(
+        &mut ctx,
+        3,
+        "Runtime.evaluate",
+        json!({
+            "expression": "JSON.stringify({directExecuted: !!window.__directExecuted, directLoaded: !!window.__directLoaded, nestedExecuted: !!window.__nestedExecuted, nestedLoaded: !!window.__nestedLoaded})",
+            "returnByValue": true,
+        }),
+        session_id,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        settled["result"]["value"],
         r#"{"directExecuted":true,"directLoaded":true,"nestedExecuted":true,"nestedLoaded":true}"#,
-        "dynamic scripts must execute and fire load before navigation settles"
+        "dynamic scripts must execute and fire load before explicit settle completes"
     );
 }
 

crates/obscura-cdp/tests/js_fetch_emits_network_events.rs

@@ -104,13 +104,15 @@ async fn js_fetch_emits_network_request_and_response() {
     let session_id = "session-1";
     ctx.sessions.insert(session_id.to_string(), page_id.clone());
 
-    // Navigate with waitUntil:load so the after-load fetch() runs and settles
+    // An ordinary fetch() is not load-delaying in Chromium: `load` may fire
-    // before the navigation emits its Network events.
+    // while its response is still pending. Ask for networkidle0 explicitly so
+    // this output-level assertion observes the completed request without
+    // turning every load navigation into an implicit global settle.
     cdp(
         &mut ctx,
         1,
         "Page.navigate",
-        json!({"url": base, "waitUntil": "load"}),
+        json!({"url": base, "waitUntil": "networkidle0"}),
         session_id,
     )
     .await;

crates/obscura-js/js/bootstrap.js

@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@
     '__obscura_objects', '__obscura_oid', '__obscura_ua',
     '__obscura_platform', '__obscura_ua_platform', '__obscura_ua_platform_version',
     '__obscura_stealth', '__obscura_markTrusted',
-    '__obscura_hw', '__obscura_mem', '__markParserScripts',
+    '__markParserScripts', '__obscura_hasPendingDynamicScripts',
+    '__obscura_hasPendingLoadDelayingScripts',
+    '__obscura_nextPendingTimeoutDelay',
+    '__obscura_hw', '__obscura_mem',
     '__documentReadyState__', '__currentUrl',
     // internal helpers (var-declared throughout the file)
     '__processDynScriptQueue', '_decodeDataScriptUrl', '_markNative', '_fpRand', '_fpNoise',
@@ -199,6 +202,7 @@ let _fpSeed = 0;
 let __dynScriptQueue = [];
 let __dynScriptBusy = false;
 let __dynClassicPending = 0;
+let __dynLoadDelayingPending = 0;
 Object.defineProperty(globalThis, '__obscura_hasPendingDynamicScripts', {
   value: function() {
     return __dynClassicPending > 0 || __dynScriptBusy || __dynScriptQueue.length > 0;
@@ -207,6 +211,17 @@ Object.defineProperty(globalThis, '__obscura_hasPendingDynamicScripts', {
   enumerable: false,
   configurable: false,
 });
+// HTML tracks scripts which delay the document load event separately from
+// arbitrary asynchronous script work. A connected external script prepared
+// before `load` joins that set until its load/error processing finishes;
+// dynamic import() and scripts created by a load handler are post-load work.
+// Keep this bridge hidden for the same reason as the general queue status.
+Object.defineProperty(globalThis, '__obscura_hasPendingLoadDelayingScripts', {
+  value: function() { return __dynLoadDelayingPending > 0; },
+  writable: false,
+  enumerable: false,
+  configurable: false,
+});
 function _decodeDataScriptUrl(url) {
   const comma = url.indexOf(',');
   if (!url.startsWith('data:') || comma < 5) {
@@ -305,6 +320,11 @@ async function __runDynScriptTask(task) {
   } catch(e) {
     console.error('Dynamic script fetch error:', e.message);
     try { task.dispatchEvent(new Event('error')); } catch(ex) {}
+  } finally {
+    if (task.delaysLoad) {
+      task.delaysLoad = false;
+      __dynLoadDelayingPending = Math.max(0, __dynLoadDelayingPending - 1);
+    }
   }
 }
 async function __runAsyncClassicScript(task) {
@@ -658,6 +678,19 @@ const _clearedTimers = new Set();
 const _intervals = new Set();
 const _nativeTimerIds = new Map();
 const __obscuraPendingTimeoutDeadlines = new Map();
+Object.defineProperty(globalThis, '__obscura_nextPendingTimeoutDelay', {
+  value: function() {
+    const now = performance.now();
+    let nearest = Infinity;
+    for (const deadline of __obscuraPendingTimeoutDeadlines.values()) {
+      nearest = Math.min(nearest, Math.max(0, deadline - now));
+    }
+    return Number.isFinite(nearest) ? nearest : -1;
+  },
+  writable: false,
+  enumerable: false,
+  configurable: false,
+});
 
 const _scheduleAfter = (delay, fn) => {
   const d = Math.max(0, Number(delay) || 0);
@@ -1327,6 +1360,12 @@ function __prepareInsertedScript(script) {
       pageOrigin,
       dispatchEvent: (ev) => { try { script.dispatchEvent(ev); } catch(e) {} },
     };
+    // Non-parser-inserted external scripts are async by default, but scripts
+    // prepared while the document is still loading still delay window.load.
+    // Snapshot the flag at preparation time: changing readyState later must
+    // not turn already-prepared work into a post-load enhancement.
+    task.delaysLoad = globalThis.document?.readyState !== 'complete';
+    if (task.delaysLoad) __dynLoadDelayingPending++;
     // A non-parser-inserted classic script is force-async unless script code
     // explicitly assigned `.async = false`. Keep that opt-out in insertion
     // order; default/async=true scripts fetch concurrently and execute as soon
@@ -1342,14 +1381,17 @@ function __prepareInsertedScript(script) {
     }
   } else if (isModule) {
     const dataUrl = 'data:text/javascript;base64,' + btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(code)));
-    __dynScriptQueue.push({
+    const task = {
       url: dataUrl,
       isModule: true,
       nid: script._nid,
       prevNid,
       pageOrigin: "",
       dispatchEvent: (ev) => { try { script.dispatchEvent(ev); } catch(e) {} },
-    });
+      delaysLoad: globalThis.document?.readyState !== 'complete',
+    };
+    if (task.delaysLoad) __dynLoadDelayingPending++;
+    __dynScriptQueue.push(task);
     __processDynScriptQueue();
   } else {
     globalThis.__currentScriptNid = script._nid;

crates/obscura-js/src/runtime.rs

@@ -605,6 +605,52 @@ impl ObscuraJsRuntime {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Capture one immutable document slice as if its origin were the root
+    /// scroll position of a virtual viewport. This leaves the live page scroll
+    /// untouched while giving fixed and sticky descendants page-local paint
+    /// geometry, which paginated raster PDF export requires.
+    #[cfg(feature = "render")]
+    pub fn screenshot_prepared_region_at_scroll_with_backgrounds(
+        &self,
+        region: obscura_render::CaptureRegion,
+        root_scroll: (f32, f32),
+        paint_backgrounds: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, obscura_render::CaptureError> {
+        let mut state = self.state.borrow_mut();
+        with_sync_render_loading_disabled(&mut state, |state| {
+            ensure_resolved_scroll(state).ok_or(obscura_render::CaptureError::PaintFailed)?;
+            let ObscuraState {
+                dom,
+                prepared_render,
+                render_resources,
+                element_scroll_offsets,
+                ..
+            } = state;
+            let dom = dom
+                .as_ref()
+                .ok_or(obscura_render::CaptureError::PaintFailed)?;
+            let scroll = prepared_render
+                .as_ref()
+                .ok_or(obscura_render::CaptureError::PaintFailed)?
+                .resolve_scroll_state_for_viewport(
+                    dom,
+                    root_scroll,
+                    element_scroll_offsets,
+                    (region.width, region.height),
+                );
+            obscura_render::screenshot_prepared_region_with_scroll_and_backgrounds(
+                dom,
+                prepared_render
+                    .as_mut()
+                    .ok_or(obscura_render::CaptureError::PaintFailed)?,
+                render_resources,
+                &scroll,
+                region,
+                paint_backgrounds,
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Return the retained layout's scrollable document size without changing
     /// the live viewport or scroll position. PDF/full-document consumers use
     /// this to paginate document-space captures from the same geometry.
@@ -1492,6 +1538,19 @@ impl ObscuraJsRuntime {
                 .is_pending_or_recent(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100))
     }
 
+    /// Whether a connected dynamic script prepared before the document load
+    /// event still has fetch/evaluation/load-or-error work outstanding.
+    ///
+    /// This intentionally excludes `import()` and scripts created by a load
+    /// handler. Those are ordinary post-load enhancement work and should only
+    /// be driven when an automation caller explicitly asks the page to settle.
+    pub fn has_pending_load_delaying_scripts(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.evaluate("globalThis.__obscura_hasPendingLoadDelayingScripts?.() === true")
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
     /// Generation of observable connected-document mutations. This excludes
     /// detached-tree construction and no-op writes, which cannot affect a
     /// screenshot or DOM dump.
@@ -8379,6 +8438,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn dynamic_script_status_bridge_is_hidden_and_idle() {
         let mut rt = setup_runtime("<html><body></body></html>");
         assert!(!rt.has_pending_dynamic_scripts());
+        assert!(!rt.has_pending_load_delaying_scripts());
+        assert_eq!(rt.next_pending_timeout_delay_ms(), None);
         assert_eq!(
             rt.evaluate("typeof __dynScriptBusy").unwrap(),
             serde_json::json!("undefined")
@@ -8397,6 +8458,27 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap(),
             serde_json::json!(false)
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            rt.evaluate(
+                "Reflect.ownKeys(globalThis).includes('__obscura_hasPendingLoadDelayingScripts')"
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(false)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            rt.evaluate(
+                "Object.getOwnPropertyNames(globalThis).includes('__obscura_nextPendingTimeoutDelay')"
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(false)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            rt.evaluate(
+                "Reflect.ownKeys(globalThis).includes('__obscura_nextPendingTimeoutDelay')"
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!(false)
+        );
     }
 
     /// Regression test for #147: a TypeError in one script must not poison

crates/obscura-render/src/paint.rs

@@ -838,6 +838,14 @@ impl PreparedRender {
     }
 
     pub fn clamp_scroll(&self, requested: (f32, f32)) -> (f32, f32) {
+        self.clamp_scroll_for_viewport(requested, self.viewport)
+    }
+
+    fn clamp_scroll_for_viewport(
+        &self,
+        requested: (f32, f32),
+        viewport: (f32, f32),
+    ) -> (f32, f32) {
         let clamp_axis = |requested: f32, content: f32, viewport: f32| {
             if requested.is_finite() {
                 crate::quantize_scroll_value(requested, 1.0)
@@ -847,8 +855,8 @@ impl PreparedRender {
             }
         };
         (
-            clamp_axis(requested.0, self.content_size.0, self.viewport.0),
+            clamp_axis(requested.0, self.content_size.0, viewport.0),
-            clamp_axis(requested.1, self.content_size.1, self.viewport.1),
+            clamp_axis(requested.1, self.content_size.1, viewport.1),
         )
     }
 
@@ -870,7 +878,26 @@ impl PreparedRender {
         requested_root: (f32, f32),
         requested_elements: &HashMap<obscura_dom::tree::NodeId, (f32, f32)>,
     ) -> ResolvedScrollState {
-        let root = self.clamp_scroll(requested_root);
+        self.resolve_scroll_state_for_viewport(
+            tree,
+            requested_root,
+            requested_elements,
+            self.viewport,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve scroll-time movement for a virtual capture viewport without
+    /// mutating the live page scroll. Paginated raster consumers use each page
+    /// slice as its viewport so fixed/sticky content is positioned at that
+    /// page's origin, including a final slice shorter than the live viewport.
+    pub fn resolve_scroll_state_for_viewport(
+        &self,
+        tree: &DomTree,
+        requested_root: (f32, f32),
+        requested_elements: &HashMap<obscura_dom::tree::NodeId, (f32, f32)>,
+        viewport: (f32, f32),
+    ) -> ResolvedScrollState {
+        let root = self.clamp_scroll_for_viewport(requested_root, viewport);
         let mut offsets = vec![(0.0, 0.0); self.scroll_tree.containers.len()];
         offsets[0] = root;
         for (index, container) in self.scroll_tree.containers.iter().enumerate().skip(1) {
@@ -915,7 +942,7 @@ impl PreparedRender {
         // Stage 1 keeps the established root sticky behavior. Nested sticky is
         // intentionally absent from ScrollTree until its constraints are made
         // scroll-container-relative in Stage 2.
-        for (id, sticky) in self.sticky.translations(self.viewport, root) {
+        for (id, sticky) in self.sticky.translations(viewport, root) {
             if let Some(movement) = node_movement.get_mut(id.index()) {
                 movement.0 += sticky.0;
                 movement.1 += sticky.1;