render: paint generated boxes with contextual backgrounds

crates/obscura-render/src/css.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ struct Rule {
     order: usize,
 }
 
+struct PseudoRule {
+    sel: CompiledSelector,
+    normal_decls: String,
+    important_decls: String,
+    order: usize,
+}
+
 /// An indexed set of author rules ready for fast per-element matching.
 pub struct Stylesheet {
     rules: Vec<Rule>,
@@ -32,17 +39,11 @@ pub struct Stylesheet {
     by_class: HashMap<String, Vec<usize>>,
     by_local: HashMap<String, Vec<usize>>,
     universal: Vec<usize>,
-    /// `sel::before{content:"..."}` / `sel::after{...}` rules with a plain
+    /// `sel::before` / `sel::after` rules matched against their ordinary base
-    /// string-literal `content`, matched separately from the main cascade:
+    /// selector. Keeping their full declaration cascade supports both literal
-    /// our selector engine has no pseudo-element matching machinery, but a
+    /// generated text and positioned decorative boxes.
-    /// `::before`/`::after` selector's *base* (everything before the
+    before_rules: Vec<PseudoRule>,
-    /// pseudo-element) is an ordinary selector we can already compile and
+    after_rules: Vec<PseudoRule>,
-    /// match. Extremely common on Wikipedia (`.hlist`/`.cslist` render as
-    /// comma-separated lists purely via `li::before{content:", "}`); without
-    /// this, adjacent list items with no real whitespace between them in the
-    /// DOM run together with no separator at all.
-    before_content: Vec<(CompiledSelector, String)>,
-    after_content: Vec<(CompiledSelector, String)>,
 }
 
 impl Stylesheet {
@@ -68,8 +69,8 @@ impl Stylesheet {
             by_class: HashMap::new(),
             by_local: HashMap::new(),
             universal: Vec::new(),
-            before_content: Vec::new(),
+            before_rules: Vec::new(),
-            after_content: Vec::new(),
+            after_rules: Vec::new(),
         };
         let mut order = 0usize;
         for src in sources {
@@ -79,15 +80,31 @@ impl Stylesheet {
             for (selector, decls) in parse_stylesheet_for_viewport(src, viewport) {
                 let sel_trim = selector.trim();
                 if let Some(base) = strip_pseudo_element(sel_trim, "before") {
-                    if let (Some(content), Some(sel)) = (extract_string_content(&decls), tree.compile_rule_selector(base)) {
+                    if let Some(sel) = tree.compile_rule_selector(base) {
-                        sheet.before_content.push((sel, content));
+                        let (normal_decls, important_decls) =
+                            crate::style::partition_declarations(&decls);
+                        sheet.before_rules.push(PseudoRule {
+                            sel,
+                            normal_decls,
+                            important_decls,
+                            order,
+                        });
                     }
+                    order += 1;
                     continue;
                 }
                 if let Some(base) = strip_pseudo_element(sel_trim, "after") {
-                    if let (Some(content), Some(sel)) = (extract_string_content(&decls), tree.compile_rule_selector(base)) {
+                    if let Some(sel) = tree.compile_rule_selector(base) {
-                        sheet.after_content.push((sel, content));
+                        let (normal_decls, important_decls) =
+                            crate::style::partition_declarations(&decls);
+                        sheet.after_rules.push(PseudoRule {
+                            sel,
+                            normal_decls,
+                            important_decls,
+                            order,
+                        });
                     }
+                    order += 1;
                     continue;
                 }
                 let Some(sel) = tree.compile_rule_selector(&selector) else { continue };
@@ -106,26 +123,57 @@ impl Stylesheet {
         sheet
     }
 
-    /// The literal text (if any) that `::before`/`::after` rules inject for
+    pub fn pseudo_styles(
-    /// `nid`, as `(before, after)`. Last matching rule wins, approximating
+        &self,
-    /// cascade order without tracking specificity for this small side table.
+        tree: &DomTree,
-    pub fn pseudo_content(&self, tree: &DomTree, matcher: &mut Matcher, nid: NodeId) -> (Option<String>, Option<String>) {
+        matcher: &mut Matcher,
-        if self.before_content.is_empty() && self.after_content.is_empty() {
+        nid: NodeId,
-            return (None, None);
+        host: &LayoutStyle,
+        props: &HashMap<String, String>,
+    ) -> (Option<LayoutStyle>, Option<LayoutStyle>) {
+        let build = |rules: &[PseudoRule], matcher: &mut Matcher| {
+            let mut matched: Vec<(u32, usize, &PseudoRule)> = rules
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|rule| matcher.matches(tree, nid, &rule.sel))
+                .map(|rule| (rule.sel.specificity(), rule.order, rule))
+                .collect();
+            if matched.is_empty() {
+                return None;
             }
-        let mut before = None;
+            matched.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0).then(a.1.cmp(&b.1)));
-        for (sel, content) in &self.before_content {
+            let mut style = LayoutStyle::default();
-            if matcher.matches(tree, nid, sel) {
+            style.color = host.color;
-                before = Some(content.clone());
+            style.font_size = host.font_size;
+            style.font_weight = host.font_weight.clone();
+            style.font_family = host.font_family.clone();
+            style.line_height = host.line_height;
+            style.text_transform = host.text_transform;
+            let mut content = None;
+            for &(_, _, rule) in &matched {
+                let expanded = substitute_vars(&rule.normal_decls, props, 0);
+                crate::style::apply_declarations(&mut style, &expanded);
+                if let Some(value) = extract_string_content(&expanded) {
+                    content = Some(value);
                 }
             }
-        let mut after = None;
+            for &(_, _, rule) in &matched {
-        for (sel, content) in &self.after_content {
+                let expanded = substitute_vars(&rule.important_decls, props, 0);
-            if matcher.matches(tree, nid, sel) {
+                crate::style::apply_declarations(&mut style, &expanded);
-                after = Some(content.clone());
+                if let Some(value) = extract_string_content(&expanded) {
+                    content = Some(value);
                 }
             }
-        (before, after)
+            style.before_content = content;
+            if style.before_content.is_some() {
+                Some(style)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        };
+        (
+            build(&self.before_rules, matcher),
+            build(&self.after_rules, matcher),
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {

crates/obscura-render/src/dom.rs

@@ -352,9 +352,16 @@ fn cascade_walk(
         ) {
             this_props = std::rc::Rc::new(m);
         }
-        let (before, after) = sheet.pseudo_content(tree, matcher, id);
+        let (before_pseudo, after_pseudo) =
-        style.before_content = before;
+            sheet.pseudo_styles(tree, matcher, id, &style, &this_props);
-        style.after_content = after;
+        style.before_content = before_pseudo
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|pseudo| pseudo.before_content.clone());
+        style.after_content = after_pseudo
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|pseudo| pseudo.before_content.clone());
+        style.before_pseudo = before_pseudo.map(Box::new);
+        style.after_pseudo = after_pseudo.map(Box::new);
         styles.insert(id, style);
     }
 
@@ -4882,6 +4889,33 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(runs[0].0.height, 32.0);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn light_root_rejects_dark_pseudo_gradient_variants() {
+        let tree = parse_html(
+            r#"<html class="light"><head><style>
+               .hero::before {
+                 content:"";
+                 position:absolute;
+                 background:radial-gradient(circle, #ebf3f9, #d6dee4);
+               }
+               @media (prefers-color-scheme:dark) {
+                 :root:not(.light) .hero::before {
+                   background:radial-gradient(circle, #111111, #222222);
+                 }
+               }
+               :root.dark .hero::before {
+                 background:radial-gradient(circle, #333333, #444444);
+               }
+               </style></head><body><div class="hero"></div></body></html>"#,
+        );
+        let laid = layout_dom(&tree, (1280.0, 720.0));
+        let hero = tree.query_selector(".hero").unwrap().unwrap();
+        let pseudo = laid.styles[&hero].before_pseudo.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let (_, stops) = pseudo.background_radial_gradient.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(stops[0].0, [0xeb, 0xf3, 0xf9, 255]);
+        assert_eq!(stops[1].0, [0xd6, 0xde, 0xe4, 255]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn table_cell_content_box_width_includes_padding_and_border_in_track() {
         let tree = parse_html(

crates/obscura-render/src/lib.rs

@@ -251,6 +251,11 @@ pub struct LayoutStyle {
     /// o'clock per CSS, list of (rgba, optional 0..1 stop position)). Modern
     /// hero sections use gradients heavily; without this they paint white.
     pub background_gradient: Option<(f32, Vec<([u8; 4], Option<f32>)>)>,
+    /// First `radial-gradient(...)` layer: center in box-relative fractions
+    /// and color stops. It is painted below the first linear layer, matching
+    /// the common `linear-gradient(...), radial-gradient(...)` hero pattern.
+    pub background_radial_gradient:
+        Option<((f32, f32), Vec<([u8; 4], Option<f32>)>)>,
     /// `conic-gradient(...)` background. The angle is the CSS `from` angle,
     /// the center is a fraction of the border box, and stops are normalized
     /// during paint. Conic gradients commonly provide the color source for a
@@ -265,6 +270,9 @@ pub struct LayoutStyle {
     /// `10px` applies to both axes, matching how small square icons are
     /// almost always sized).
     pub background_size: Option<(f32, f32)>,
+    /// Raw one/two-axis `background-size` expression, retained for paint-time
+    /// resolution against the final owner box (`calc(100% - 2rem) auto`).
+    pub background_size_expression: Option<String>,
     /// Keyword `background-size` behavior. `None` is CSS `auto`, which uses
     /// the image's intrinsic dimensions rather than stretching it to the box.
     pub background_size_fit: Option<ObjectFit>,
@@ -440,6 +448,11 @@ pub struct LayoutStyle {
     /// children, same as if it were real text content.
     pub before_content: Option<String>,
     pub after_content: Option<String>,
+    /// Computed boxes generated by `::before`/`::after`. Text-only pseudos
+    /// continue through `before_content`/`after_content`; these styles retain
+    /// positioned decorative boxes for layout-independent painting.
+    pub before_pseudo: Option<Box<LayoutStyle>>,
+    pub after_pseudo: Option<Box<LayoutStyle>>,
 
     /// True for `inline-block`/`inline-flex`/`inline-grid`: participates in
     /// the surrounding inline flow from the outside, like plain `inline`

crates/obscura-render/src/paint.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //! dependencies, so a screenshot is reproducible across hosts.
 
 use obscura_dom::tree::DomTree;
-use tiny_skia::{Color, FillRule, GradientStop, LinearGradient, Paint, PathBuilder, Pixmap, Point, Rect, SpreadMode, Transform};
+use tiny_skia::{Color, FillRule, GradientStop, LinearGradient, Paint, PathBuilder, Pixmap, Point, RadialGradient, Rect, SpreadMode, Transform};
 use ab_glyph::{Font, FontRef, PxScale, ScaleFont};
 
 static FONT_BYTES: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/liberation-sans.ttf");
@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ pub fn paint_dom(tree: &DomTree, viewport: (f32, f32), base_url: Option<&str>) -
     let intrinsic = collect_image_intrinsics(tree, base_url, &mut image_cache);
     let fonts = collect_web_fonts(tree, base_url);
     let mut laid = layout_dom_with_resources(tree, viewport, &intrinsic, &fonts);
+    let root_font_size = tree
+        .query_selector("html")
+        .ok()
+        .flatten()
+        .and_then(|root| laid.styles.get(&root))
+        .and_then(|style| style.font_size)
+        .unwrap_or(16.0);
     // Nodes that live inside an inline `<svg>` we rasterized as one document;
     // their painting is owned by that raster, so they are skipped in both the
     // box/text loop below and the inline-formatting loop after it (an svg
@@ -180,29 +187,37 @@ pub fn paint_dom(tree: &DomTree, viewport: (f32, f32), base_url: Option<&str>) -
         // `background-clip: text` clips the background to the glyphs, so it must
         // not paint as a box here; the text paint path fills the glyphs instead.
         if style.mask_image.is_none() && !style.background_clip_text {
-            if let Some((angle, stops)) = &style.background_gradient {
+            if let Some(bg) = style.background_color {
-                if let Some(path) = bg_path() {
-                    paint_linear_gradient(&mut pixmap, &path, &visible_rect, *angle, stops);
-                }
-            } else if let Some((angle, center, stops)) =
-                &style.background_conic_gradient
-            {
-                paint_conic_gradient(
-                    &mut pixmap,
-                    &visible_rect,
-                    *angle,
-                    *center,
-                    stops,
-                );
-            } else if let Some(bg) = style.background_color {
-                // A masked element's background-color is the mask's fill color,
-                // not an ordinary box background (handled below), so this only
-                // runs for unmasked boxes.
                 if let Some(path) = bg_path() {
                     let mut paint = Paint::default();
                     paint.set_color(Color::from_rgba8(bg[0], bg[1], bg[2], bg[3]));
                     paint.anti_alias = r > 0.5;
-                    pixmap.fill_path(&path, &paint, FillRule::Winding, Transform::identity(), None);
+                    pixmap.fill_path(
+                        &path,
+                        &paint,
+                        FillRule::Winding,
+                        Transform::identity(),
+                        None,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some((center, stops)) = &style.background_radial_gradient {
+                if let Some(path) = bg_path() {
+                    paint_radial_gradient(
+                        &mut pixmap,
+                        &path,
+                        &visible_rect,
+                        *center,
+                        stops,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some((angle, center, stops)) = &style.background_conic_gradient {
+                paint_conic_gradient(&mut pixmap, &visible_rect, *angle, *center, stops);
+            }
+            if let Some((angle, stops)) = &style.background_gradient {
+                if let Some(path) = bg_path() {
+                    paint_linear_gradient(&mut pixmap, &path, &visible_rect, *angle, stops);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -227,8 +242,12 @@ pub fn paint_dom(tree: &DomTree, viewport: (f32, f32), base_url: Option<&str>) -
                 base_url,
                 &rect,
                 style.background_size,
+                style.background_size_expression.as_deref(),
                 style.background_size_fit,
                 style.background_position,
+                style.font_size.unwrap_or(16.0),
+                root_font_size,
+                viewport,
                 &mut image_cache,
             ) {
                 // A background layer is always clipped to its owner's border
@@ -252,6 +271,16 @@ pub fn paint_dom(tree: &DomTree, viewport: (f32, f32), base_url: Option<&str>) -
                 }
             }
         }
+        if let Some(pseudo) = style.before_pseudo.as_deref() {
+            paint_positioned_pseudo(
+                &mut pixmap,
+                pseudo,
+                &rect,
+                viewport,
+                root_font_size,
+                clip,
+            );
+        }
 
         // Rounded, uniform border: stroke the rounded-rect outline instead of
         // four sharp edge rects.
@@ -355,6 +384,11 @@ pub fn paint_dom(tree: &DomTree, viewport: (f32, f32), base_url: Option<&str>) -
         // overflow-visible region.
         if name.local.as_ref() == "svg" {
             let mut markup = serialize_svg(tree, nid);
+            // Resolve referenced symbols before carrying the host color into
+            // the standalone document. A document-level/external symbol may
+            // itself contain `currentColor`, and therefore has to be present
+            // when the root color is established.
+            inject_external_sprites(tree, nid, base_url, &mut markup, &mut image_cache, &mut sprite_cache);
             // resvg parses the serialized subtree as a standalone SVG
             // document, outside the page's author stylesheet. Preserve the
             // host element's computed `color` so paths using `currentColor`
@@ -368,7 +402,6 @@ pub fn paint_dom(tree: &DomTree, viewport: (f32, f32), base_url: Option<&str>) -
             // the sprite, splice the referenced `<symbol>` into a local `<defs>`,
             // and rewrite the href to a same-document `#id`. Same-document
             // `<use href="#id">` (empty url) is untouched.
-            inject_external_sprites(tree, nid, base_url, &mut markup, &mut image_cache, &mut sprite_cache);
             if let Some(content) = render_svg(markup.as_bytes(), rect.width as u32, rect.height as u32) {
                 let mask = clip.and_then(|_| rect_clip_mask(pixmap.width(), pixmap.height(), &visible_rect));
                 pixmap.draw_pixmap(
@@ -1296,7 +1329,8 @@ fn paint_linear_gradient(pixmap: &mut Pixmap, path: &tiny_skia::Path, rect: &cra
     let n = stops.len();
     let mut gs: Vec<GradientStop> = Vec::with_capacity(n);
     let mut last = 0.0f32;
-    for (i, (c, pos)) in stops.iter().enumerate() {
+    for (i, (_, pos)) in stops.iter().enumerate() {
+        let c = gradient_stop_color(stops, i);
         let p = pos.unwrap_or(i as f32 / (n - 1) as f32).clamp(0.0, 1.0).max(last);
         last = p;
         gs.push(GradientStop::new(p, Color::from_rgba8(c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3])));
@@ -1309,6 +1343,54 @@ fn paint_linear_gradient(pixmap: &mut Pixmap, path: &tiny_skia::Path, rect: &cra
     }
 }
 
+fn paint_radial_gradient(
+    pixmap: &mut Pixmap,
+    path: &tiny_skia::Path,
+    rect: &crate::Rect,
+    center: (f32, f32),
+    stops: &[([u8; 4], Option<f32>)],
+) {
+    if stops.len() < 2 {
+        return;
+    }
+    let center = Point::from_xy(
+        rect.x + rect.width * center.0,
+        rect.y + rect.height * center.1,
+    );
+    let radius = [
+        (rect.x - center.x).hypot(rect.y - center.y),
+        (rect.x + rect.width - center.x).hypot(rect.y - center.y),
+        (rect.x - center.x).hypot(rect.y + rect.height - center.y),
+        (rect.x + rect.width - center.x).hypot(rect.y + rect.height - center.y),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .fold(0.0, f32::max);
+    let normalized = normalized_stops(stops);
+    let gradient_stops = normalized
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(position, color)| {
+            GradientStop::new(
+                position,
+                Color::from_rgba8(color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+    if let Some(shader) = RadialGradient::new(
+        center,
+        0.0,
+        center,
+        radius,
+        gradient_stops,
+        SpreadMode::Pad,
+        Transform::identity(),
+    ) {
+        let mut paint = Paint::default();
+        paint.shader = shader;
+        paint.anti_alias = true;
+        pixmap.fill_path(path, &paint, FillRule::Winding, Transform::identity(), None);
+    }
+}
+
 fn paint_conic_gradient(
     pixmap: &mut Pixmap,
     rect: &crate::Rect,
@@ -1354,7 +1436,8 @@ fn normalized_stops(
     let count = stops.len();
     let mut normalized = Vec::with_capacity(count);
     let mut last = 0.0f32;
-    for (index, (color, position)) in stops.iter().enumerate() {
+    for (index, (_, position)) in stops.iter().enumerate() {
+        let color = gradient_stop_color(stops, index);
         let position = position
             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                 if count <= 1 {
@@ -1366,11 +1449,28 @@ fn normalized_stops(
             .clamp(0.0, 1.0)
             .max(last);
         last = position;
-        normalized.push((position, *color));
+        normalized.push((position, color));
     }
     normalized
 }
 
+fn gradient_stop_color(
+    stops: &[([u8; 4], Option<f32>)],
+    index: usize,
+) -> [u8; 4] {
+    let color = stops[index].0;
+    if color[3] != 0 {
+        return color;
+    }
+    let neighbor = stops[index + 1..]
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(candidate, _)| candidate[3] != 0)
+        .or_else(|| stops[..index].iter().rev().find(|(candidate, _)| candidate[3] != 0));
+    neighbor
+        .map(|(neighbor, _)| [neighbor[0], neighbor[1], neighbor[2], 0])
+        .unwrap_or(color)
+}
+
 fn sample_normalized_stops(stops: &[(f32, [u8; 4])], t: f32) -> [u8; 4] {
     let t = t.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
     let Some(&(first_position, first_color)) = stops.first() else {
@@ -1472,8 +1572,12 @@ fn background_image_rect(
     base_url: Option<&str>,
     box_rect: &crate::Rect,
     explicit_size: Option<(f32, f32)>,
+    size_expression: Option<&str>,
     fit: Option<crate::ObjectFit>,
     position: (f32, f32),
+    em: f32,
+    rem: f32,
+    viewport: (f32, f32),
     cache: &mut std::collections::HashMap<String, Option<Vec<u8>>>,
 ) -> Option<crate::Rect> {
     let bytes = fetch_bytes(src, base_url, cache)?;
@@ -1482,7 +1586,43 @@ fn background_image_rect(
     } else {
         image_dimensions(&bytes).map(|(width, height)| (width as f32, height as f32))
     };
-    let (width, height) = if let Some(size) = explicit_size {
+    let expression_size = size_expression.and_then(|expression| {
+        let components = split_background_size_components(expression);
+        let width = components.first().and_then(|value| {
+            (!value.eq_ignore_ascii_case("auto")).then(|| {
+                crate::style::resolve_contextual_length(
+                    value,
+                    em,
+                    rem,
+                    viewport.0 / 100.0,
+                    viewport.1 / 100.0,
+                    box_rect.width,
+                )
+            })?
+        });
+        let height = components.get(1).and_then(|value| {
+            (!value.eq_ignore_ascii_case("auto")).then(|| {
+                crate::style::resolve_contextual_length(
+                    value,
+                    em,
+                    rem,
+                    viewport.0 / 100.0,
+                    viewport.1 / 100.0,
+                    box_rect.height,
+                )
+            })?
+        });
+        match (width, height, intrinsic) {
+            (Some(width), Some(height), _) => Some((width, height)),
+            (Some(width), None, Some((iw, ih))) => Some((width, width * ih / iw)),
+            (None, Some(height), Some((iw, ih))) => Some((height * iw / ih, height)),
+            (None, None, Some(intrinsic)) => Some(intrinsic),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    });
+    let (width, height) = if let Some(size) = expression_size {
+        size
+    } else if let Some(size) = explicit_size {
         size
     } else if let Some(fit) = fit {
         let (iw, ih) = intrinsic?;
@@ -1506,6 +1646,102 @@ fn background_image_rect(
     })
 }
 
+fn split_background_size_components(value: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut components = Vec::new();
+    let mut depth = 0i32;
+    let mut start = None;
+    for (index, ch) in value.char_indices() {
+        match ch {
+            '(' => {
+                depth += 1;
+                start.get_or_insert(index);
+            }
+            ')' => depth = (depth - 1).max(0),
+            ch if ch.is_whitespace() && depth == 0 => {
+                if let Some(start) = start.take() {
+                    components.push(value[start..index].trim());
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                start.get_or_insert(index);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(start) = start {
+        components.push(value[start..].trim());
+    }
+    components
+}
+
+fn paint_positioned_pseudo(
+    pixmap: &mut Pixmap,
+    style: &crate::LayoutStyle,
+    containing_block: &crate::Rect,
+    viewport: (f32, f32),
+    root_font_size: f32,
+    ancestor_clip: Option<crate::Rect>,
+) {
+    if style.position != Some(taffy::Position::Absolute) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let em = style.font_size.unwrap_or(16.0);
+    let resolve = |dimension: crate::Dimension, basis: f32| {
+        match dimension.resolve(em, root_font_size, viewport.0 / 100.0, viewport.1 / 100.0) {
+            crate::Dimension::Px(value) => Some(value),
+            crate::Dimension::Percent(value) => Some(value * basis),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    };
+    let top = style.inset[0].and_then(|value| resolve(value, containing_block.height));
+    let right = style.inset[1].and_then(|value| resolve(value, containing_block.width));
+    let bottom = style.inset[2].and_then(|value| resolve(value, containing_block.height));
+    let left = style.inset[3].and_then(|value| resolve(value, containing_block.width));
+    let width = resolve(style.width, containing_block.width).or_else(|| {
+        Some(containing_block.width - left? - right?)
+    });
+    let height = resolve(style.height, containing_block.height).or_else(|| {
+        Some(containing_block.height - top? - bottom?)
+    });
+    let (Some(width), Some(height)) = (width, height) else { return };
+    if width <= 0.0 || height <= 0.0 {
+        return;
+    }
+    let x = left
+        .map(|value| containing_block.x + value)
+        .or_else(|| right.map(|value| containing_block.x + containing_block.width - value - width))
+        .unwrap_or(containing_block.x);
+    let y = top
+        .map(|value| containing_block.y + value)
+        .or_else(|| bottom.map(|value| containing_block.y + containing_block.height - value - height))
+        .unwrap_or(containing_block.y);
+    let rect = crate::Rect { x, y, width, height };
+    let visible = match ancestor_clip {
+        Some(clip) => rect.intersect(&clip),
+        None => Some(rect),
+    };
+    let Some(visible) = visible else { return };
+    let Some(sk_rect) = Rect::from_xywh(visible.x, visible.y, visible.width, visible.height) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let mut builder = PathBuilder::new();
+    builder.push_rect(sk_rect);
+    let Some(path) = builder.finish() else { return };
+    if let Some(color) = style.background_color {
+        let mut paint = Paint::default();
+        paint.set_color(Color::from_rgba8(color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]));
+        pixmap.fill_path(&path, &paint, FillRule::Winding, Transform::identity(), None);
+    }
+    if let Some((center, stops)) = &style.background_radial_gradient {
+        paint_radial_gradient(pixmap, &path, &rect, *center, stops);
+    }
+    if let Some((angle, center, stops)) = &style.background_conic_gradient {
+        paint_conic_gradient(pixmap, &rect, *angle, *center, stops);
+    }
+    if let Some((angle, stops)) = &style.background_gradient {
+        paint_linear_gradient(pixmap, &path, &rect, *angle, stops);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Fetch every `<img>` once (seeding `cache` for the paint pass) and record its
 /// intrinsic (width, height) so layout can size replaced elements that have no
 /// explicit dimensions. Keyed by the `<img>`'s NodeId.
@@ -2509,6 +2745,67 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn contextual_background_size_preserves_auto_axis_ratio() {
+        let source = "data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='200'%20height='50'%3E%3C/svg%3E";
+        let owner = crate::Rect {
+            x: 0.0,
+            y: 0.0,
+            width: 132.0,
+            height: 60.0,
+        };
+        let mut cache = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+        let image = background_image_rect(
+            source,
+            None,
+            &owner,
+            None,
+            Some("calc(100% - 2rem) auto"),
+            None,
+            (0.0, 0.5),
+            10.0,
+            10.0,
+            (1280.0, 720.0),
+            &mut cache,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(image.width, 112.0);
+        assert_eq!(image.height, 28.0);
+        assert_eq!(image.y, 16.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn paints_positioned_empty_pseudo_background_box() {
+        let tree = parse_html(
+            r#"<html><head><style>
+               body { margin:0 }
+               #host { position:relative; width:100px; height:50px }
+               #host::before {
+                 content:"";
+                 position:absolute;
+                 top:10px;
+                 left:20px;
+                 width:40px;
+                 height:30px;
+                 background:
+                   linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, #ffffff),
+                   radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, #ebf3f9, #d6dee4);
+               }
+               </style></head><body><div id="host"></div></body></html>"#,
+        );
+        let pixmap = paint_dom(&tree, (120.0, 80.0), None).expect("pixmap");
+        let center = pixmap.pixel(40, 25).expect("pixel");
+        assert!(
+            center.red() >= 214 && center.green() >= 222 && center.blue() >= 228,
+            "transparent-to-white over a light radial layer must not darken it: {center:?}"
+        );
+        let outside = pixmap.pixel(5, 5).expect("pixel");
+        assert_eq!(
+            (outside.red(), outside.green(), outside.blue()),
+            (255, 255, 255)
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn later_element_paints_over_earlier() {
         // A blue div nested inside a red one: both cover the origin, and blue
@@ -2856,6 +3153,30 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn injected_document_symbol_inherits_target_current_color() {
+        let tree = parse_html(
+            r##"<html><body>
+                <svg style="display:none"><symbol id="arrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><rect width="10" height="10" fill="currentColor"/></symbol></svg>
+                <svg id="icon" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><use href="#arrow"/></svg>
+            </body></html>"##,
+        );
+        let svg = tree.query_selector("#icon").unwrap().unwrap();
+        let mut markup = serialize_svg(&tree, svg);
+        let mut cache = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+        let mut sprite_cache = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+        inject_external_sprites(&tree, svg, None, &mut markup, &mut cache, &mut sprite_cache);
+        inject_svg_current_color(&mut markup, [220, 20, 60, 255]);
+        let pixmap = render_svg(markup.as_bytes(), 20, 20).expect("injected svg renders");
+        assert!(
+            pixmap
+                .pixels()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|pixel| pixel.red() > 180 && pixel.green() < 60 && pixel.blue() < 100),
+            "injected currentColor symbol should inherit target SVG color: {markup}",
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn font_face_parser_selects_ascii_subset_and_preserves_functional_src() {
         let css = r#"

crates/obscura-render/src/style.rs

@@ -434,14 +434,17 @@ fn apply_value(style: &mut LayoutStyle, name: &str, value: &str) {
             if !value.trim().is_empty() {
                 style.background_color = None;
                 style.background_gradient = parse_linear_gradient(value);
+                style.background_radial_gradient = parse_radial_gradient(value);
                 style.background_conic_gradient = parse_conic_gradient(value);
                 if style.background_gradient.is_none()
+                    && style.background_radial_gradient.is_none()
                     && style.background_conic_gradient.is_none()
                 {
                     style.background_color = parse_color(value);
                 }
                 style.background_image = parse_url(value);
                 style.background_size = None;
+                style.background_size_expression = background_size_expression(value);
                 style.background_size_fit = parse_background_size_fit(value);
                 style.background_position = (0.0, 0.0);
                 style.background_clip_text = false;
@@ -449,11 +452,14 @@ fn apply_value(style: &mut LayoutStyle, name: &str, value: &str) {
         }
         "background-image" => {
             style.background_gradient = parse_linear_gradient(value);
+            style.background_radial_gradient = parse_radial_gradient(value);
             style.background_conic_gradient = parse_conic_gradient(value);
             style.background_image = parse_url(value);
         }
         "background-size" => {
             style.background_size = parse_background_size(value);
+            style.background_size_expression =
+                (!value.trim().is_empty()).then(|| value.trim().to_string());
             style.background_size_fit = parse_background_size_fit(value);
         }
         "background-position" => style.background_position = parse_background_position(value),
@@ -2897,6 +2903,47 @@ fn parse_linear_gradient(value: &str) -> Option<(f32, Vec<([u8; 4], Option<f32>)
     Some((angle, stops))
 }
 
+fn parse_radial_gradient(
+    value: &str,
+) -> Option<((f32, f32), Vec<([u8; 4], Option<f32>)>)> {
+    let lower = value.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    let start = lower.find("radial-gradient(")?;
+    let open = start + "radial-gradient(".len();
+    let end = find_matching_paren(&value[open..])? + open;
+    let parts = split_top_level(&value[open..end], ',');
+    if parts.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut center = (0.5, 0.5);
+    let mut stop_start = 0;
+    let prelude = parts[0].trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
+    if prelude.contains(" at ") || prelude.starts_with("at ") {
+        let coords = prelude
+            .split_once(" at ")
+            .map(|(_, coords)| coords)
+            .or_else(|| prelude.strip_prefix("at "))
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut coords = coords.split_whitespace();
+        if let Some(x) = coords.next().and_then(percent_fraction) {
+            center.0 = x;
+        }
+        if let Some(y) = coords.next().and_then(percent_fraction) {
+            center.1 = y;
+        }
+        stop_start = 1;
+    } else if parse_color(parts[0].trim()).is_none() {
+        stop_start = 1;
+    }
+    let mut stops = Vec::new();
+    for part in &parts[stop_start..] {
+        let (color, position) = split_color_stop(part.trim());
+        if let Some(color) = parse_color(color) {
+            stops.push((color, position));
+        }
+    }
+    (stops.len() >= 2).then_some((center, stops))
+}
+
 /// Parse the common `conic-gradient(from A at X Y, color P%, ...)` form.
 /// Angles follow CSS convention (0deg at 12 o'clock, clockwise); the center
 /// is retained as box-relative fractions for paint-time resolution.
@@ -3173,6 +3220,25 @@ fn parse_background_size_fit(value: &str) -> Option<crate::ObjectFit> {
     }
 }
 
+fn background_size_expression(value: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let (_, size) = value.rsplit_once('/')?;
+    let mut depth = 0i32;
+    let mut end = size.len();
+    for (index, ch) in size.char_indices() {
+        match ch {
+            '(' => depth += 1,
+            ')' => depth = (depth - 1).max(0),
+            _ if depth == 0 && ch == ',' => {
+                end = index;
+                break;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    let size = size[..end].trim();
+    (!size.is_empty()).then(|| size.to_string())
+}
+
 /// `background-position` keywords/lengths -> a 0.0-1.0 fraction per axis (the
 /// fraction of the box's leftover space, after the image's own size, to
 /// offset by: 0 = start edge, 1 = end edge, 0.5 = centered).
@@ -3684,6 +3750,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(s.background_conic_gradient, None);
         assert_eq!(s.background_image, None);
         assert_eq!(s.background_size, None);
+        assert_eq!(s.background_size_expression, None);
         assert_eq!(s.background_size_fit, None);
         assert_eq!(s.background_position, (0.0, 0.0));
         assert!(!s.background_clip_text);
@@ -3698,6 +3765,16 @@ mod tests {
             contain.background_size_fit,
             Some(crate::ObjectFit::Contain)
         );
+        let contextual = compute_style(
+            "a",
+            Some(
+                "background:url(icon.svg) no-repeat 0 50% / calc(100% - 2rem) auto",
+            ),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            contextual.background_size_expression.as_deref(),
+            Some("calc(100% - 2rem) auto")
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]